ASOSIASI KARAKTERISTIK DEMOGRAFI DAN POLA KONSUMSI DENGAN PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI PADA KELOMPOK DEWASA MUDA DI DKI JAKARTA
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is closely associated with hypertension. The increasing prevalence of hypertension among young adults in Jakarta Special Capital Region (DKI Jakarta), exceeding the national average, has become a major public health concern. This cross-sectional study examined the association between demographic characteristics, dietary consumption patterns, and hypertension among young adults in DKI Jakarta. Secondary data were obtained from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey (SKI), which included 7,194 respondents, and were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. The prevalence of hypertension was 10.6 percent, defined according to the 2023 SKI criteria as a previous diagnosis by a healthcare professional and/or a measured blood pressure with systolic ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg. Age, educational level, employment status, obesity, salty food consumption, and carbonated beverage consumption were significantly associated with hypertension (p<0.05). Middle-aged adults had higher odds of hypertension than younger adults (OR=5.342). Obesity (OR=2.693), lower educational attainment (OR=1.285), and unemployment (OR=1.840) were associated with increased odds of hypertension. Conversely, frequent salty food and carbonated beverage consumption were associated with lower odds of hypertension, requiring further investigation. These findings highlight the need for targeted health promotion and preventive strategies focusing on obesity control and health education among high-risk populations.
Keywords: demography, consumption pattern, hypertension, young adult, urban population
ABSTRAK
Penyakit kardiovaskular merupakan salah satu penyebab kematian tertinggi di dunia dan berkaitan erat dengan hipertensi. Peningkatan prevalensi hipertensi, terutama pada kelompok dewasa muda di Provinsi DKI Jakarta, menjadi perhatian penting karena telah melampaui prevalensi nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan karakteristik demografi dan pola konsumsi dengan hipertensi pada dewasa muda di DKI Jakarta menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Data sekunder berasal dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 dengan 7.194 responden dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik multivariat. Prevalensi hipertensi sebesar 10,6 persen, berdasarkan diagnosis tenaga kesehatan dan/atau hasil pengukuran tekanan darah sesuai kriteria SKI 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia, tingkat pendidikan, status pekerjaan, obesitas, konsumsi makanan asin, dan konsumsi minuman bersoda berhubungan secara signifikan dengan hipertensi (p<0,05). Dewasa madya memiliki risiko hipertensi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan dewasa awal (OR=5,342), sedangkan obesitas (OR=2,693), pendidikan rendah (OR=1,285), dan tidak bekerja (OR=1,840) juga meningkatkan risiko hipertensi. Sebaliknya, konsumsi makanan asin dan minuman bersoda yang sering menunjukkan hubungan dengan penurunan risiko hipertensi, sehingga memerlukan kajian lebih lanjut. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya strategi promotif dan preventif yang berfokus pada pengendalian obesitas, peningkatan edukasi kesehatan, serta intervensi pada kelompok dewasa muda yang berisiko untuk menekan beban hipertensi di DKI Jakarta.
Kata kunci: demografi, pola konsumsi, hipertensi, dewasa muda, urban population
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