RISK FACTORS OF STUNTING, ANEMIA AND VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY (VAD) COEXISTENCE AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE IN INDONESIA
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Abstract
Stunting, anemia, and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) are nutritional problems among children under five that can occur simultaneously (coexistence). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of the coexistence of stunting, anemia, and VAD among children under five years of age in Indonesia. This study utilized secondary data from the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey (SKI) and included 628 children aged 0–59 months old. Data were analyzed using the Rao-Scott Chi-Square test and complex logistic regression. The prevalence of stunting, anemia, and VAD was 26.2 percent, 16.1 percent and 9.1 percent, respectively. The coexistence of stunting and anemia 4.4 percent, coexistence of stunting and VAD 2.7 percent, coexistence of anemia and VAD 2.9 percent and coexistence of stunting, anemia and VAD 0.3 percent. Mothers who attended fewer than six antenatal care (ANC) visits during pregnancy had a 13.558 times higher risk (OR=13.558; 95% CI=1.465–125.460; p=0.022) and children of mothers with low education had a 11.467 times higher risk (OR=11.467; 95% CI=1.131–119.329; p=0.039) of having the coexistence of stunting, anemia, and VAD. Attending ANC services at least six times and nutrition education can reduce the risk of coexisting stunting, anemia, and VAD.
Keywords: anemia, coexistence, stunting, vitamin A deficiency
ABSTRAK
Stunting, anemia, dan kekurangan vitamin A (KVA) merupakan masalah gizi pada balita yang dapat terjadi secara bersamaan (koeksistensi). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi dan faktor risiko koeksistensi stunting, anemia dan KVA pada balita di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) tahun 2023 dengan melibatkan 628 anak usia 0–59 bulan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-Square Rao-Scott dan regresi logistik kompleks. Prevalensi stunting, anemia dan KVA masing-masing sebesar 26,2 persen, anemia 16,1 persen, KVA 9,1 persen. Koeksistensi stunting dan anemia 4,4 persen, koeksistensi stunting dan KVA 2,7 persen, koeksistensi anemia dan KVA 2,9 persen, serta koeksistensi stunting, anemia, dan KVA sebesar 0,3 persen. Ibu yang melakukan kunjungan antenatal care (ANC) kurang dari enam kali selama kehamilan memiliki risiko 13,558 kali lebih tinggi (OR=13,558; 95% CI=1,465–125,460; p=0,022) untuk memiliki anak dengan koeksistensi stunting, anemia, dan VAD. Selain itu, anak dari ibu dengan pendidikan rendah memiliki risiko 11,467 kali lebih tinggi (OR=11,467; 95% CI=1,131–119,329; p=0,039) mengalami koeksistensi stunting, anemia, dan KVA. Kunjungan ANC minimal enam kali dan edukasi gizi dapat membantu menurunkan risiko koeksistensi stunting, anemia, dan KVA pada anak balita.
Kata kunci: anemia, koeksistensi, stunting, defisiensi vitamin A
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