ASSOCIATIONS OF EMOTIONAL EATING, RESTRICTIVE EATING, AND ENERGY INTAKE WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN ADOLESCENTS AT HEALTH POLYTECHNIC MINISTRY OF HEALTH TANJUNGKARANG BANDAR LAMPUNG
Main Article Content
Abstract
Emotional and restrictive eating are prevalent maladaptive behaviors during adolescence, yet empirical evidence linking these psychological eating styles to actual energy intake and objective nutritional status remains inconsistent. This study investigated the associations between emotional eating, restrictive eating, daily energy intake, and nutritional status among adolescents to inform targeted public health interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 75 adolescent students, selected from a population of 427, at the Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Tanjungkarang, Bandar Lampung. Psychological eating behaviors were assessed using validated questionnaires, while actual energy intake was measured via 24-hour food recalls, and nutritional status was determined through anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Fisher's Exact Test), and multivariate approaches. Multivariate analysis identified daily energy intake as the most dominant predictor of nutritional status (OR = 6.2; 95% CI: 2.248–17.375), indicating that adolescents with inadequate energy intake exhibited a 6.2-fold higher risk of abnormal nutritional status. In contrast, neither emotional eating (p = 0.157) nor restrictive eating (p = 0.439) demonstrated a statistically significant direct association with nutritional status in this cohort. Although psychological eating behaviors are clinically relevant, direct energy intake remains the primary determinant of adolescent nutritional status. Effective interventions should adopt a cross-disciplinary approach, concurrently addressing actual dietary intake and the underlying psychological motives of eating.
Keywords: emotional eating, restrictive eating, energy intake, adolescents, nutritional status
ABSTRAK
Perilaku makan emosional dan restriktif merupakan perilaku maladaptif yang umum terjadi pada masa remaja, namun bukti empiris yang menghubungkan gaya makan psikologis ini dengan asupan energi aktual dan status gizi objektif masih tidak konsisten. Penelitian ini menyelidiki hubungan antara perilaku makan emosional, perilaku makan restriktif, asupan energi harian, dan status gizi pada remaja sebagai landasan untuk intervensi kesehatan masyarakat yang tepat sasaran. Sebuah studi potong lintang (cross-sectional) dilakukan dengan melibatkan 75 mahasiswa remaja, yang dipilih dari populasi 427 orang, di Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Tanjungkarang, Bandar Lampung. Perilaku makan psikologis dinilai menggunakan kuesioner yang tervalidasi, sementara asupan energi aktual diukur melalui food recall 24 jam, dan status gizi ditentukan melalui pengukuran antropometri. Data dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan univariat, bivariat (Uji Exact Fisher), dan multivariat. Analisis multivariat mengidentifikasi asupan energi harian sebagai prediktor paling dominan terhadap status gizi (OR = 6,2; CI 95%: 2,248–17,375), yang menunjukkan bahwa remaja dengan asupan energi yang tidak memadai memiliki risiko 6,2 kali lebih tinggi mengalami status gizi tidak normal. Sebaliknya, baik perilaku makan emosional (p = 0,157) maupun restriktif (p = 0,439) tidak menunjukkan hubungan langsung yang bermakna secara statistik dengan status gizi pada kohort ini. Meskipun perilaku makan psikologis relevan secara klinis, asupan energi langsung tetap menjadi penentu utama status gizi remaja. Intervensi yang efektif harus mengadopsi pendekatan lintas disiplin yang secara bersamaan menangani asupan makanan aktual dan motif psikologis yang mendasari perilaku makan.
Keywords: perilaku makan emosional, perilaku makan restriktif, asupan energi, status gizi, remaja
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