FREKUENSI KONSUMSI PANGAN ASAL HEWANI BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN STATUS GIZI ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH DI JAKARTA TIMUR
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Abstract
Animal-derived foods are a source of high-quality protein and essential micronutrients that play an important role in child growth, but evidence regarding their relationship with the nutritional status of preschool-aged children in urban Indonesia is still limited. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the frequency and amount of animal-derived food consumption and the nutritional status of children aged 2–6 years in Utan Kayu, East Jakarta. This observational, analytical, cross-sectional study involved 150 children purposively selected from 17 early childhood education (PAUD) schools. Consumption data were collected using a semi-quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), two 24-hour dietary recalls, and food records. Nutritional status was assessed using height/age (H/A), weight/age (W/A), weight/height (W/H), and body mass index (BMI/A) according to WHO standards. Analysis used the Pearson or Spearman correlation test. The frequency of dairy product consumption was positively associated with weight/age (r=0.164; p=0.045), while the frequency of meat food consumption was negatively associated with height/age (r=−0.201; p=0.014). Dairy product consumption (grams/day) showed a weak positive association with height/age (r=0.196; p=0.016), while meat food consumption was not associated with other nutritional status indicators. Frequency of animal-derived food consumption was associated with certain nutritional status indicators in preschool-aged children, while consumption volume only showed an association with dairy product consumption and height/age. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Keywords: preschool children; animal-derived food; nutritional status; consumption frequency
ABSTRAK
Pangan asal hewani merupakan sumber protein berkualitas tinggi dan mikronutrien esensial yang berperan penting dalam pertumbuhan anak, namun bukti mengenai hubungannya dengan status gizi anak usia prasekolah di wilayah perkotaan Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan frekuensi dan jumlah konsumsi pangan asal hewani dengan status gizi anak usia 2–6 tahun di Utan Kayu, Jakarta Timur. Penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang melibatkan 150 anak yang dipilih secara purposive dari 17 PAUD. Data konsumsi dikumpulkan menggunakan semi-kuantitatif Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), dua kali 24-hour dietary recall, dan food record, sedangkan status gizi dinilai berdasarkan indeks TB/U, BB/U, BB/TB, dan IMT/U menurut standar WHO. Analisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson atau Spearman. Frekuensi konsumsi produk susu berhubungan positif dengan BB/U (r=0,164; p=0,045), sedangkan frekuensi konsumsi flesh foods berhubungan negatif dengan TB/U (r=−0,201; p=0,014). Jumlah konsumsi produk susu (gram/hari) menunjukkan hubungan positif yang lemah dengan TB/U (r=0,196; p=0,016), sementara jumlah konsumsi flesh foods tidak berhubungan dengan indikator status gizi lainnya. Frekuensi konsumsi pangan asal hewani berhubungan dengan indikator status gizi tertentu pada anak usia prasekolah, sedangkan jumlah konsumsi hanya menunjukkan hubungan pada konsumsi produk susu terhadap TB/U. Penelitian longitudinal diperlukan untuk mengonfirmasi temuan ini.
Kata kunci: anak prasekolah; pangan asal hewani; status gizi; frekuensi konsumsi
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